The key is pendampingan (accompaniment). Punitive measures—shaving heads, public humiliation, or expulsion—do not work. They simply push the behavior further underground.
The behavior of SMA girls tells a different story. While boys fight physically, girls fight socially.
: Concerns regarding "Westernized" behaviors, such as casual dating, smoking, and drug use, remain a point of significant friction with Indonesia’s conservative religious and social norms. 3. Academic and Socioeconomic Pressures
To the older generation, this is budi pekerti (moral education) failing. To the students, it is authenticity. They view the jaim ( jaga image — maintaining an image) of their parents’ generation as hypocritical.
| Positive Traits | Challenging Behaviors | |----------------|----------------------| | Active in school organizations (OSIS, Pramuka/scouts) | Clique formation & bullying (perundungan) | | Creative on social media (TikTok, IG) | Early romantic relationships leading to teenage pregnancy or dropouts | | Religiously observant (rohis/religious clubs) | Vaping, alcohol, or drug use (especially in big cities) | | Entrepreneurial (jualan online/thrift) | Motorcycle gangs (klitih) and street fighting (tawuran) |