, far exceeding safe operating limits due to poor combustion and lack of proper flow monitoring. Updated standards aim to prevent such failures.

Before a heater can be lit, the internal volume must be cleared of any combustible gases. This is done by blowing air through the heater with the induced draft fan.

Measurement and actuating instruments, control loops, alarms, and protective shutdown systems.

: API often provides free read-only access to certain safety-related standards for public review .

The standard specifically addresses: