Before we fix the problem, we must understand the enemy. Vulkan (VK) is a low-overhead, cross-platform 3D graphics API. Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan gives the programmer (and the emulator) very direct control over the GPU.
In Vulkan, "Device Lost" is a driver-level signal. Unlike older APIs like OpenGL, which might try to "guess" its way through an error, Vulkan is explicit. If the GPU takes too long to process a command (a "TDR" or Timeout Detection and Recovery) or encounters an invalid instruction, the driver kills the process. Common triggers include: dolphin vk error device lost