The Fast‑Streaming Discharge‑Sustained Source (FSDSS) series was introduced in 2023 as a compact, magnetically‑enhanced plasma generator capable of delivering while maintaining low background gas pressures (≤ 10 Pa). The “232” designation denotes the third‑generation iteration, featuring a dual‑helix RF antenna and a graded‑field permanent magnet assembly . While the “cold” mode of the FSDSS‑232 (electron temperature ≈ 2 eV) has been extensively documented (see Vázquez et al. , 2024), the Hot regime—where the plasma transitions to a strongly nonequilibrium state with elevated electron and ion temperatures—remains poorly characterized.
In conclusion, the FSDSS232 has been thermally analyzed under various operating conditions. The results indicate that the component operates within a safe temperature range, but caution should be exercised under high power operation and elevated ambient temperatures. fsdss232 hot