Invertebrate Zoology Lecture Notes Ppt New [extra Quality]

| Feature | Protostomes | Deuterostomes | |---------|-------------|----------------| | Blastopore becomes | Mouth | Anus | | Cleavage | Spiral, determinate | Radial, indeterminate | | Coelom formation | Schizocoely | Enterocoely | | Examples | Arthropods, annelids, mollusks | Echinoderms, chordates |

Organized by tissue layers (diploblastic vs. triploblastic). 🧽 The Major Phyla 1. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) Cellular (no true tissues). Filter feeders using choanocytes (collar cells). Structure: Supported by (silica/calcium) or 2. Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Corals, Anemones) Diploblastic (two layers). Specialty: Cnidocytes (stinging cells) containing nematocysts. Polyp (sessile) and Medusa (mobile). 3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Bilateral. Acoelomate (no body cavity). Cephalization: First group with a "head" and central nervous system. 4. Phylum Mollusca (Snails, Clams, Octopuses) Body Parts: Mantle, foot, and visceral mass. A "toothed tongue" used for feeding. Diversity: Includes Gastropods, Bivalves, and Cephalopods. 5. Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms) Metamerism (true segmentation). Circulation: Closed circulatory system. Earthworms, leeches, and polychaetes. 6. Phylum Arthropoda (Insects, Spiders, Crustaceans) Dominance: Largest phylum on Earth. Exoskeleton: Must undergo (molting) to grow. Appendages: Jointed legs for specialized tasks. 7. Phylum Echinodermata (Starfish, Sea Urchins) Pentaradial (five-part) as adults. Water vascular system for movement and feeding. Regeneration: High capacity to regrow lost limbs. 🔬 Key Evolutionary Milestones Moving from sponges to jellyfish. Bilateral Symmetry: Allows for directed movement. The Coelom: A fluid-filled cavity that protects organs. Segmentation: Allows for specialized body regions (tagmosis). (classification) or physiology (how they work)? Are there specific anatomical diagrams you need explained? Are you studying for a lab practical written exam I can also generate practice quiz questions summary table comparing all the phyla! invertebrate zoology lecture notes ppt new