: Often hosts introductory papers and chapters on microeconomic foundations.
If the market price is $10, the firm produces 4 units (Price = MC at $10). Profit = Total Revenue ($10 × 4 = $40) – Total Cost ($42) = –$2 loss. But producing 5 units would lose more ($50 - $54 = -$4). The simple math tells you to shut down if Price falls below Average Variable Cost—again, a calculation of simple division. microeconomics with simple mathematics pdf