N = Vp / Vs Secondary turns: Ns = Np / N
| Row | Parameter | Symbol | Value | Unit | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | INPUTS | | | | | | 2 | Primary Voltage | $V_p$ | 230 | Volts | Input supply voltage | | 3 | Secondary Voltage | $V_s$ | 24 | Volts | Desired output voltage | | 4 | Secondary Current | $I_s$ | 2 | Amps | Load current requirement | | 5 | Frequency | $f$ | 50 | Hz | Mains frequency | | 6 | Flux Density | $B_m$ | 1.2 | Tesla | (1.0 to 1.4 for Si-Steel) | | 7 | Current Density | $J$ | 2.5 | A/mm² | (2.0 to 3.0 for continuous duty) | | 8 | Efficiency | $\eta$ | 0.9 | - | Assumed efficiency (0.8-0.95) | | 9 | Stacking Factor | $S_f$ | 0.9 | - | Actual iron area vs gross area | transformer design calculation excel